As in past years, I'm limiting this list to northern North America for two reasons:
- Restricting this list geographically is in keeping with my specialization in plants native to northeastern North America.
- There are many more tropical plants, and plant extinctions, than I can manage.
Last year, this paper:
Vascular plant extinction in the continental United States and Canada
caused me to expand my list from 6 to 59 species, including 7 extinct in the wild. The summary is terse, and grim:
Given the paucity of plant surveys in many areas, particularly prior to European settlement, the actual extinction rate of vascular plants is undoubtedly much higher than indicated here.
Note that they only examined vascular plants. So their list excludes Neomacounia nitida, Macoun's shining moss. It remains on my full list, below.
I've highlighted those which appeared prior to 2020 with an asterisk *. Everything else was added in 2020. If you have additions or corrections to this list, please let me know, and provide a link which I can research.
Extinct
- Agalinis caddoensis, Railroad near Shreveport, Louisiana. last observed 1913
- * Astilbe crenatiloba, Roan Mountain false goat's beard, Roan Mountain, Tennessee, 1885
- Astragalus endopterus, near Cameron, Coconino County, Arizona. Last observed 1947
- Astragalus kentrophyta var. douglasii, Washington/Oregon?, 1883
- Astragalus robbinsii var. robbinsii, Vermont, 1894
- Atriplex tularensis, California, 1891
- Blephilia hirsuta var. glabrata, Manchester, Bennington County, ermont, 1932
- Boechera fruticosa, Yellowstone, Wyoming, 1899
- Brickellia chenopodina, Grant County, New Mexico, 1903
- Brickellia hinckleyi var. terlinguensis, Brewster County, Texas, 1937
- Calochortus indecorus, Sexton Mountain, Josephine County, Oregon, 1948
- Calochortus monanthus, Yreka, Siskiyou County, California, 1876
- Calystegia seium ssp. binghamiae, Santa Barbara, California
- Castilleja leschkeana, Point Reyes, Marin County, California, 1947
- Castilleja uliginosa, Pitkin Marsh, Sonoma County, California, 1984
- Cirsium praeteriens, Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California, 1901
- Corispermum pallidum, Washington, 1931
- Crataegus austromontana, Sand Mountain region and Cumberland Mountains, Alabama and Tennessee, 1916
- Cryptantha aptera, Grand Junctino, mesa County Colorado, 1892
- Cryptantha hooveri, California, 1939
- Cryptantha insolita, north of Las Vegas, Nevada, 1942
- Dalea sabinalis, Texas, 1950s
- Digitaria filiformis var. laeviglumis, Hillsboro County, NH, 1931
- Diplacus traskiae, near Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, California, 1901
- Eleocharis brachycarpa, Tamaulipas, Mexico (1959) and Texas, 1834
- Elodea schweinitzii, New York and Pennsylvania, 1832
- Erigeron mariposanus, California, 1900
- Eriochloa michauxii var. simpsonii, Florida, 1966
- Govenia floridana, Miami-Dade County, Florida, 1964
- Hedeoma pilosa, Old Blue Mountain, Brewster County, Texas, 1940
- Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii, Orange County, California, 1937
- Helianthus praetermissus, Arizona (likely) or New Mexico, 1851
- Isocoma humilis, Washington County, Utah, 1971
- Juncus pervetus, Lewis Bay, West Yarmouth, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, 1927
- Lechea lakelae, Collier County, Florida, 1987
- Lycium verrucosum, Arroyo Cliffs, San Nicolas County, California, 1901
- Marshallia grandiflora, North Carolina, 1919
- Micranthemum micranthemoides, Mid-atlantic United States, 1941
- Monardella leucocephala, California, 1941
- Monardella pringlei, San Bernardino County, California, 1941
- * Narthecium montanum, Appalachian Yellow Asphodel, East Flat Rock Bog, Henderson County, North Carolina, 1919
- * Neomacounia nitida, Macoun's shining moss, Belleville, Ontario, 1864
- * Orbexilum macrophyllum, bigleaf scurfpea, Polk County, North Carolina, 1899
- * Orbexilum stipulatum, large-stipule leather-root, Falls-of-the-Ohio scurfpea, Rock Island, Falls of the Ohio, KY, 1881
- Paronychia maccartii, Rio Grande Plains, Webb County, Texas, 1962
- Plagiobothrys lamprocarpus, Grants Pass, Josephine County, Oregon, 1921
- Plagiobothrys lithocaryus, Mayacamas Mountains, California, 1899
- Plagiobothrys mollis var. vestitus, Petaluma, Sonoma County, California, 1880
- Polygonatum biflorum var. melleum, Lake St. Clair, north of Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, 1937
- Potentilla multijuga, South Coast Ballona Marsh, Los Angeles County, California, 1893
- Potentilla uliginosa, Cunningham Marsh, Sonoma County, California, 1947
- Proboscidea spicata, Rio Grande, Texas, 1967
- Quercus tardifolia, Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Texas, 2007
- Ribes divaricatum var. parishii, California, 1980
- Rumex tomentellus, Willow Creek, Mogollon Mountains, Catron County, New Mexico, 1954
- Sesuvium trianthemoides, Kenedy County, Texas, 1947
- Sphaeralcea procera, Deming, Luna County, New Mexico, 1943
- Tephrosia angustissima var. angustissima, Pine Rocklands, Florida, 1947 (1985?)
- * Thismia americana, banded trinity, Lake Calumet, Cook County, Illinois, 1916
Extinct in the wild (IUCN Red List code EW)
- Arctostaphylos franciscana, Central Coast, San Francisco County, California. Last observed in the wild 2009
- Crataegus delawarensis, Delaware, 1903
- Crataegus fecunda, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, 1930s
- Crataegus lanuginosa, Webb City, Jasper County, Missouri, 1957
- Euonymous atropurpurea var. cheatumii, Dallas County, Texas, 1944
- * Franklinia alatamaha, Franklin Tree
- Prunus maritima var. gravesii, beach plum, groton, New London County, Connecticut, 2000
Related Content
Extinct Plants of northern North America 2020, 2020-11-30
Extinct Plants of northern North America 2018, 2018-11-30
Extinct Plants of northern North America 2015, 2015-11-29
Extinct Plants of northern North America, 2014-11-30
Extinct Plants of northern North America, 2014-11-30
Links
Vascular plant extinction in the continental United States and Canada, 2020-08-20, Authors: Wesley M. Knapp, Anne Frances, Reed Noss, Robert F. C. Naczi, Alan Weakley, George D. Gann, Bruce G. Baldwin, James Miller, Patrick McIntyre, Brent D. Mishler, Gerry Moore, Richard G. Olmstead, Anna Strong, Kathryn Kennedy, Bonnie Heidel, Daniel Gluesenkamp
Wikipedia: List of extinct plants: Americas
Wikipedia: List of recently extinct plants
IUCN Red List: List of species extinct in the wild
Extinct and Extirpated Plants from Oregon (PDF, 5 pp)
IUCN Red List: List of species extinct in the wild
Extinct and Extirpated Plants from Oregon (PDF, 5 pp)
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